This is the second in our series of articles about the great fault zones of the world. This time we’re going to look at the Atacama Trench, which has the distinction of having produced the largest earthquake on record. It is sometimes called the Peru-Chile Trench, since it runs alongside those two South American nations, exactly parallel to the coastline at a distance of about 160 km. This isn’t a coincidence, of course; the Trench is largely responsible for making the western side of South America as we see it today. That’s because all of the tectonic activity in this part of the world is driven by a single huge engine: the subduction zone of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.
(Granted, this is a bit of an oversimplification. When you get down to the lower end of the continent, the Antarctic Plate and the Scotia Plate also come into play, greatly complicating things- but I’m trying to keep it simple so this article doesn’t turn into a book.)
In our recent article, What Causes an Earthquake?, still posted here, we saw that when one tectonic plate bumps into another, one will sometimes slide under the edge of the other, a phenomenon we call subduction. When this happens, Continue reading “The Atacama Trench: Creator of the Biggest Earthquake on Record” »